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today it's really an honor to be here

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and to talk with you about this work so

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the short title for my talk is a fate

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follows free will and I'd like to amend

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that a little bit out of humility the

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title should really be fake could follow

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for you well I'm going to explain how

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this could be the case I'm not going to

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go so far as to say that it is the case

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or to prove that but I'm going to try

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and give a model for it the way it works

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using two theories to current theories

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of quantum mechanics consistent

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histories and relational quantum

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mechanics so it's called retroactive

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event determination in the

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interpretation of macroscopic quantum

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superposition States inconsistent

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histories and relational quantum

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mechanics so my goal today is described

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an interpretation of macroscopic quantum

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superposition States the proposed that

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mqs dates are all around you all the

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time including right now and examine the

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flow of time I in the process of doing

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that we're gonna have to relook at the

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flow of time and and of course in

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keeping with the topic of this

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conference where that will affect our

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flow of energy so might be something to

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keep in mind I'd like to receive

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feedback about possible experiments and

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I'll give you a few experiments but I've

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thought of or the other people have done

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that could be performed to to

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demonstrate this and as it said earlier

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I'm unaffiliated and I'm not proud of

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that I'd like to find collaborators or

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especially in a mathematical geniuses

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would be great I might come from a

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physics background I went to Berkeley

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and I was a high school teacher for

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about 10 years so that's my background

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so getting the macroscopic quantum

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superposition states by the way I'd like

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to say I would very much like your

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feedback on the presentation I give the

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form out of the presentation and the

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topic so please feel free to give me

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feedback I'm here to learn macroscopic

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quantum superposition States a quantum

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superposition state for those of you who

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aren't so familiar with quantum

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mechanics is one of the central features

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that make quantum mechanics weird it's

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the concept which I'll try and describe

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very briefly but will not do it justice

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is that for quantum systems like

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electrons and protons they can be in

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what we call in determine States

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everybody

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in this room is obviously in a

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determined state because they're in a

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single place they have a single energy

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if you were to measure their energy they

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have single values for every measurement

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you can make of them but quantum systems

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can take multiple values until you make

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a measurement so they can be in what are

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called superposition states that you

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cannot predict the outcome until you

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actually make a measurement and get a

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definite result so macroscopic quantum

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superposition states are actually a

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prediction of modern quantum theory not

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an unfortunate byproduct but they're

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often treated as an unfortunate

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by-product because people don't

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understand how they could possibly exist

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in the world so I'm going to read you a

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couple of quotes from Griffiths so you

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just listen to me if one supposes it the

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Hilbert space structure of quantum

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mechanics is correct then mqs dates will

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be present in the theory because

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essentially a Hilbert space is a linear

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vector space in any combination of any

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linear combination of two possible

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States is also a valid state so mqs

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states are equally valid to microscopic

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quantum superpositions the reason we get

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paradoxes such as the delay choice

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experiment paradox is from the process

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of implicitly choosing families which

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contain no mqs states will make the

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assumption that there's no mqs states

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because they don't have any physical

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reality in our minds we think that and

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then inferring from this assumption that

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the future influences the past or that

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there are mysterious a non-local

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influences so Griffith shows that

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through the ideas of consistent

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histories all of these paradoxes can be

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described but you do have to include mqs

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states as part of the theory and then of

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course most physicists do not have any

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intuitive idea as to what mqs states

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mean and so we we try to write them out

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of the theory I'm going to try and give

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you an idea of what they could mean

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today so far experiment a if you'll do

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me a favor and think about this first

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statement is it possible to know right

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now without observation of it what is

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going on outside the walls of this room

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so we have a certain bounded area that

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we can observe right now and outside the

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walls of this room I think we would all

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agree we can't tell what's going on

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except through observation now the

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observation could take a number of

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different forms we could have a video

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camera with a live feed into the room

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and so we could actually be observing

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what's going on out there by gaining

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Nation about it through a video camera

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we could pull it a cell phone and make a

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phone call to somebody that's outside

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another way of gaining information about

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what's going on outside this room but

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without any of those things I think we'd

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all agree that we if we have no

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information from an

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information-theoretic point of view we

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can't know what's going on outside the

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wall of the walls of this room so the

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answer is no now the second question I'd

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like to go just a little bit deeper is

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it possible to know right now without

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observation of it whether something

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definite is going on outside the walls

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of this room and I think if you think

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about it most of us would probably say

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well I don't know what's going on but

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yes there's something definite going on

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and there's a few reasons why we say

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that there's definitely something

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definite going on outside the walls of

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this room even though we're not

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observing it the reasons for that

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essentially are every time we have

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observed it in the past it's obviously

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been definite so anytime we make an

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observation is something there's there's

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always a definite result one hundred

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percent of the time in our lives so

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we've got a perfect track record showing

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us that whenever you know that there's

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something definitely going on outside we

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can also retro actively go outside the

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door after this talk you could walk out

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there and ask maybe somebody's out there

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with doing the the front table with

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papers and working on some of the

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registration stuff and we can go and ask

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them what was there something definite

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going on during the talk out here and

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she would of course say well yes there

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was something definite going on here

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during the talk ten minutes ago I was

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writing and I was gathering pens for the

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next session and elma so all we know

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from these two arguments though is that

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when we do make an observation of the

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outside world the unobserved world is

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that we get a definite result and if we

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make a retroactive observation we get a

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definite result but I really like to ask

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you a sort of an honest assessment is

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there any way to know that right now

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outside the walls of this room there is

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a definite result without measuring it

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either in the present or retro actively

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I want to propose that there really is

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no what no logical way it's really just

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a logical argument a positivist argument

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as I put it that that's it's just

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information that we cannot gain about

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the world and so it's a bad assumption

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to make the assumption that the world

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outside this observed reality is

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definite so thought experiment be and

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this is just very simplistic and

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sure you can find a lot of holes in it

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but I think we'll make my point let's

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say I'm person p I'm standing in this

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room and there's t-bills door one in

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door to that I could leave by and let's

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say person s is some individual who's

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not in the room right now they're

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outside walking around and but for some

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reason there would be a meaningful

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coincidence if I ran into person s so

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maybe I run into them I walk out door

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one and i run into person s and i have a

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conversation about what i'm interested

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in this topic and and it actually

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changes my views of my research and I go

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off in a different direction and it

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affects my life in the in the long run

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so that's some kind of meaningful

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coincidence or maybe they're a friend of

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mine that I haven't seen in a long time

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and I run into them we can all probably

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relate to the idea of meaningful

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coincidences at least to some extent

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even if we don't believe that they're

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truly meaningful so the question I want

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to ask you is is it possible to make a

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free world choice and miss my faded

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experience the favorite experience i

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just described happened at door one but

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what if i were to choose to walk out of

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door too well would I what I completely

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miss person s or can the favorite

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experience happen regardless of the

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choice I make and if so I want to

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understand how so going back to this

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diagram we can see just with the very

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idea of mqs states that person s can be

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drawn with two possible superposition

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states now again I'm not observing them

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so I cannot say that their indefinite

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state and if I can't say that they're in

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a definite state I shouldn't assume that

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they're in a definite state and

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therefore this model of having two

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possible macroscopic states is equally

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valid so if I if I then can see that

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there's a possibility that if I choose

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door one I could run into a person acid

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or one if I choose door to I could run

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into person s at door two and there

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could be a thousand other possible

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histories that would unfold I've only

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chosen to for this example and that's

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the basic point I want to make person q

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just to complete the picture is some

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third person observer who might know me

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and my no person s and makes an

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observation of person as before I do and

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we're going to see in relational quantum

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mechanics that that means that their

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state is correlated to person s estate

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so from my point of view person key one

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person s are now both in a quantum

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superposition state one in which person

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key measure person s indoor at door one

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and a person

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was also at door one so they're

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consistent in their in their stories the

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other which person q measured person s

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at door two and person s was at door two

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so there's a consistency with their

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stories so moving through of that two

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postulates would summarize what we just

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talked about only events that one as

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observes exists in a definite state and

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only from that individuals perspective

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so this room around you is all that

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you're observing right now from your

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perspective and everything outside of it

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is in an indefinite State do the first

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argument that I was trying to make

276
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earlier the second partial is important

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to avoid paradox the real world can only

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be meaningfully described from one

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single perspective or framework at a

280
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time there was no objective overview so

281
00:09:36,620 --> 00:09:35,010
the only way you avoid the paradox of me

282
00:09:39,350 --> 00:09:36,630
saying I'm in a definite state in person

283
00:09:41,060 --> 00:09:39,360
s saying he's what he's saying he's in

284
00:09:42,680 --> 00:09:41,070
the indefinite state he would say

285
00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:42,690
opposite that he's in a definite state

286
00:09:46,310 --> 00:09:44,370
because he's observing himself and that

287
00:09:47,900 --> 00:09:46,320
I'm an indefinite state the only way to

288
00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:47,910
avoid that is to only look at one

289
00:09:50,570 --> 00:09:49,770
perspective at a time so i can really

290
00:09:52,790 --> 00:09:50,580
describe the world through my

291
00:09:54,980 --> 00:09:52,800
perspective and you can do the same that

292
00:09:56,450 --> 00:09:54,990
you can't compare the two this is known

293
00:09:58,370 --> 00:09:56,460
as a single framework will inconsistent

294
00:10:00,590 --> 00:09:58,380
histories so I'm going to try and go

295
00:10:02,390 --> 00:10:00,600
faster these to get some questions in

296
00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:02,400
relational quantum mechanics carlo

297
00:10:06,110 --> 00:10:04,170
rovelli basically says the state of any

298
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system is relative to the observer not

299
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absolute so what we have here is drawn

300
00:10:12,590 --> 00:10:10,500
from peace perspective we have two

301
00:10:13,910 --> 00:10:12,600
possible histories at the bottom person

302
00:10:15,890 --> 00:10:13,920
s makes a choice they go down history

303
00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:15,900
one or just 32 when person Q makes a

304
00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:17,490
measurement they get correlated so that

305
00:10:24,050 --> 00:10:19,730
they end up in both histories as well

306
00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:24,060
now consists in histories Griffis

307
00:10:27,500 --> 00:10:25,890
especially is what i've read event

308
00:10:29,090 --> 00:10:27,510
chains branch off into various possible

309
00:10:30,950 --> 00:10:29,100
histories so we've already looked at

310
00:10:32,300 --> 00:10:30,960
that the firm work of history's depends

311
00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:32,310
on the way in which we describe the

312
00:10:36,350 --> 00:10:34,530
experiment very important and subtle

313
00:10:37,730 --> 00:10:36,360
argument we can describe any given

314
00:10:39,950 --> 00:10:37,740
experiment with with any number of

315
00:10:41,390 --> 00:10:39,960
frameworks of histories but we have to

316
00:10:43,340 --> 00:10:41,400
stick with one in order to avoid

317
00:10:45,560 --> 00:10:43,350
inconsistencies in order to avoid

318
00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:45,570
paradox so in other words we have to

319
00:10:48,380 --> 00:10:47,130
choose a point of view in other words my

320
00:10:50,710 --> 00:10:48,390
point of view or your point of view a

321
00:10:53,630 --> 00:10:50,720
particular description and stick with it

322
00:10:55,940 --> 00:10:53,640
this is the mathematics in simplified

323
00:10:57,230 --> 00:10:55,950
form of consistent histories we have it

324
00:10:59,030 --> 00:10:57,240
that at the left hand side a single

325
00:11:00,470 --> 00:10:59,040
initial state of s q and p the branches

326
00:11:02,060 --> 00:11:00,480
off into history one at the top and

327
00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:02,070
history two on the bottom and you can

328
00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:02,450
see that

329
00:11:07,570 --> 00:11:04,340
the history remains consistent so that s

330
00:11:08,470 --> 00:11:07,580
two leads to q2 leads to pee too but i

331
00:11:10,450 --> 00:11:08,480
really want to point out here is that

332
00:11:12,400 --> 00:11:10,460
when p makes his measurement and gets

333
00:11:13,390 --> 00:11:12,410
history too let's see he makes

334
00:11:15,370 --> 00:11:13,400
measurement he could get either history

335
00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:15,380
right we don't know which history he'll

336
00:11:21,070 --> 00:11:17,330
get but let's say he makes a measurement

337
00:11:22,150 --> 00:11:21,080
gets history too until that point both

338
00:11:24,010 --> 00:11:22,160
histories were in a soup onnum

339
00:11:26,530 --> 00:11:24,020
superposition state and this is part of

340
00:11:28,120 --> 00:11:26,540
consistent histories so it's only at

341
00:11:29,860 --> 00:11:28,130
this point at the very end that Porsha

342
00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:29,870
person p makes a measurement that not

343
00:11:34,330 --> 00:11:32,330
only the end result is determined but

344
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also the previous events at time one two

345
00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:36,470
three and four also fall back into place

346
00:11:40,930 --> 00:11:39,410
retro actively they weren't determined

347
00:11:44,980 --> 00:11:40,940
until this point of measurement at time

348
00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:44,990
T equals five so this diagram I hope is

349
00:11:49,180 --> 00:11:47,050
is an entryway to understanding how a

350
00:11:51,370 --> 00:11:49,190
measurement at time five can retro

351
00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:51,380
actively affect the events at time T

352
00:11:56,590 --> 00:11:54,740
equals one two three and four so a

353
00:11:58,480 --> 00:11:56,600
visual diagram of that is like this we

354
00:12:00,520 --> 00:11:58,490
have the initial state earlier before

355
00:12:01,750 --> 00:12:00,530
the measurement on the left when person

356
00:12:03,100 --> 00:12:01,760
s is divided into two different

357
00:12:04,630 --> 00:12:03,110
histories and person key was also in

358
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those histories person p makes a

359
00:12:09,610 --> 00:12:06,890
measurement and gets a definite result

360
00:12:11,290 --> 00:12:09,620
and therefore the history one which was

361
00:12:13,630 --> 00:12:11,300
only a mathematical construct to begin

362
00:12:15,430 --> 00:12:13,640
with ceases to have any meaning history

363
00:12:18,310 --> 00:12:15,440
to is the one that is real and retro

364
00:12:21,270 --> 00:12:18,320
actively history as state the state of Q

365
00:12:23,350 --> 00:12:21,280
in the state of s become determined now

366
00:12:24,730 --> 00:12:23,360
obviously from essence perspective this

367
00:12:25,780 --> 00:12:24,740
diagram of totally different because the

368
00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:25,790
masses perspective everything he

369
00:12:31,150 --> 00:12:27,650
observes is definite but from peas

370
00:12:33,430 --> 00:12:31,160
perspective this is the way it looks so

371
00:12:35,440 --> 00:12:33,440
conclusion things don't actually happen

372
00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:35,450
at the time that they happen there's a

373
00:12:40,450 --> 00:12:38,720
retroactive event determination events

374
00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:40,460
fall into place retro actively in order

375
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:42,560
to align themselves with the with what

376
00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:44,210
we observe in the world so when I

377
00:12:47,230 --> 00:12:45,590
observe someone walking out of that door

378
00:12:49,300 --> 00:12:47,240
the history that led them to that point

379
00:12:53,530 --> 00:12:49,310
is is falling into place according to

380
00:12:55,600 --> 00:12:53,540
this process of consistent histories you

381
00:12:56,980 --> 00:12:55,610
will also have to sort of a look at the

382
00:12:59,590 --> 00:12:56,990
fact that there's no universally defined

383
00:13:01,390 --> 00:12:59,600
present moment the present moment is

384
00:13:02,620 --> 00:13:01,400
defined by me in what I'm observing

385
00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:02,630
right now but everything else outside of

386
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:06,490
that is is not yet fallen into place and

387
00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:08,810
again my conclusion fake follows free

388
00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:10,970
will I haven't had time to talk about

389
00:13:14,020 --> 00:13:12,650
experiments I've got a couple ideas here

390
00:13:15,070 --> 00:13:14,030
you can read while I take questions and

391
00:13:15,790 --> 00:13:15,080
if you want to ask about experiments I'd

392
00:13:31,180 --> 00:13:15,800
be happy to talk about

393
00:13:38,770 --> 00:13:34,960
start with a hard one I'm sure it seems

394
00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:38,780
to me that underneath most of your

395
00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:43,010
discussion the the old chestnut of the

396
00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:45,290
other minds problem of philosophy has

397
00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:48,290
been sort of of lurking in a tacit way

398
00:13:53,290 --> 00:13:51,410
and it virtually becomes explicit in

399
00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:53,300
your posture lat to which seems to me

400
00:13:58,540 --> 00:13:56,450
like a restatement of solipsism but with

401
00:14:01,000 --> 00:13:58,550
definite substituted in for where a

402
00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:01,010
solipsist would say real I wonder if you

403
00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:03,770
could comment on this on the basic

404
00:14:08,140 --> 00:14:05,930
concept of solo facism it's it's eerily

405
00:14:09,370 --> 00:14:08,150
part of this but I will summarize and

406
00:14:11,530 --> 00:14:09,380
say no I don't believe this is a

407
00:14:14,920 --> 00:14:11,540
solipsistic view and I don't believe the

408
00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:14,930
world is just based around my view i can

409
00:14:17,980 --> 00:14:16,160
describe the world from my view but

410
00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:17,990
that's not the only consistent framework

411
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:19,970
that i can describe using the consistent

412
00:14:23,920 --> 00:14:21,920
histories process every single other

413
00:14:26,040 --> 00:14:23,930
individuals view in this room is equally

414
00:14:29,380 --> 00:14:26,050
valid to mine so it doesn't make any

415
00:14:30,670 --> 00:14:29,390
greater importance on my view but it

416
00:14:32,410 --> 00:14:30,680
does say that the world is only

417
00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:32,420
definitely described from my view and

418
00:14:35,590 --> 00:14:34,370
everything outside of my view is is not

419
00:14:37,540 --> 00:14:35,600
that it doesn't exist it's very

420
00:14:39,220 --> 00:14:37,550
important it does exist but it's in some

421
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:39,230
kind of mathematical macroscopic

422
00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:43,370
superposition until we observe it I hope

423
00:14:48,370 --> 00:14:44,240
that answers your question a little bit

424
00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:48,380
ok sky yeah um yes a quick question and

425
00:14:53,110 --> 00:14:51,860
is your view of things or model you have

426
00:14:54,430 --> 00:14:53,120
here is it consistent with other

427
00:14:56,920 --> 00:14:54,440
interpretations of quantum mechanics

428
00:15:00,360 --> 00:14:56,930
let's say like the relational let's say

429
00:15:02,500 --> 00:15:00,370
the Copenhagen interpretation or

430
00:15:05,610 --> 00:15:02,510
transactional or other ones or is that

431
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:05,620
is it at odds with certain other

432
00:15:09,970 --> 00:15:07,010
interpretations of quantum mechanics

433
00:15:11,860 --> 00:15:09,980
confession no I happen to think that on

434
00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:11,870
all of the contributions of quantum

435
00:15:16,079 --> 00:15:13,130
mechanics are essentially correct in

436
00:15:18,310 --> 00:15:16,089
some in some way and some methods so I

437
00:15:19,750 --> 00:15:18,320
do summer I know better than others I

438
00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:19,760
think it's very similar to Copenhagen a

439
00:15:25,300 --> 00:15:22,240
lot of ways and I have huge respect for

440
00:15:28,180 --> 00:15:25,310
the developers of Copenhagen as you know

441
00:15:29,620 --> 00:15:28,190
icons and and I think it's very similar

442
00:15:31,740 --> 00:15:29,630
to those and I think it does fall in a

443
00:15:33,040 --> 00:15:31,750
place with the majority of the

444
00:15:34,390 --> 00:15:33,050
interpretations I don't know

445
00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:34,400
transactional as well but i think i

446
00:15:38,950 --> 00:15:36,730
would i'd like to see experiments done

447
00:15:40,510 --> 00:15:38,960
some of which i've seen here at this

448
00:15:42,490 --> 00:15:40,520
talk that could be done retro actively

449
00:15:44,530 --> 00:15:42,500
in order to show that these effects are

450
00:15:55,330 --> 00:15:44,540
true retro actively that would be

451
00:15:58,510 --> 00:15:55,340
the prediction of this makes on the same

452
00:15:59,950 --> 00:15:58,520
level do insect do my quote the question

453
00:16:01,650 --> 00:15:59,960
is do animals and microbes and insects

454
00:16:04,390 --> 00:16:01,660
have viewpoints on the same level I

455
00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:04,400
haven't shown this to be true but my

456
00:16:08,590 --> 00:16:06,770
view in developing this theory is that

457
00:16:10,990 --> 00:16:08,600
every single object is treated as a

458
00:16:12,850 --> 00:16:11,000
perspective so a rock has equal

459
00:16:14,830 --> 00:16:12,860
perspective to a human being as an

460
00:16:16,150 --> 00:16:14,840
insect or or any of these things there's

461
00:16:22,360 --> 00:16:16,160
no preferential treatment of

462
00:16:27,250 --> 00:16:22,370
consciousness can use a microphone

463
00:16:28,750 --> 00:16:27,260
please multiple viewpoint pantheistic

464
00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:28,760
solipsism might have to dissect that

465
00:16:35,340 --> 00:16:33,770
statement but again I think I agree to

466
00:16:38,020 --> 00:16:35,350
some extent with Oliver theories of

467
00:16:39,370 --> 00:16:38,030
quantum mechanics including many worlds

468
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:39,380
to some extent the difference between

469
00:16:43,210 --> 00:16:40,880
many worlds and and what I'm proposing

470
00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:43,220
is that there aren't really many worlds

471
00:16:47,350 --> 00:16:45,410
that definitely exist there's there's

472
00:16:48,850 --> 00:16:47,360
one present right now and there's many

473
00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:48,860
possible worlds in which it can branch

474
00:16:52,330 --> 00:16:50,690
off too but there don't exist physically

475
00:16:54,820 --> 00:16:52,340
there's only one physical world that

476
00:16:56,230 --> 00:16:54,830
exists and therefore one way actually we

477
00:16:57,760 --> 00:16:56,240
feel like we're affecting the past we're

478
00:16:59,200 --> 00:16:57,770
not actually it's not retroactive

479
00:17:00,430 --> 00:16:59,210
causation because we're not changing

480
00:17:03,250 --> 00:17:00,440
anything that has physically happened

481
00:17:04,960 --> 00:17:03,260
we're actually changing or affecting or

482
00:17:07,090 --> 00:17:04,970
determining retro actively things that

483
00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:07,100
have not yet been determined so there's

484
00:17:11,050 --> 00:17:09,530
nothing physical that's being affected

485
00:17:18,460 --> 00:17:11,060
by the choices or the changes that we

486
00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:18,470
make are there other questions thank you